Adding/Increasing disk space of a Linux VM by CLI without rebooting

Extent/Expand/Grow disk space đối với máy chủ ảo chạy linux

Máy chủ có 500GB ổ cứng, theo nhu cầu cần mở rộng lên 1TB
Máy chủ chạy centos 7 trên VMware
1, Lên VMWare, edit disk của máy chủ lên TB
2, Truy cập máy chủ centos:
– Scan lại disk

[root@mm-adap1 ~]# ls /sys/class/scsi_device/

0:0:0:0  3:0:0:0

[root@mm-adap1 ~]# echo 1 > /sys/class/scsi_device/0\:0\:0\:0/device/rescan 

[root@mm-adap1 ~]# echo 1 > /sys/class/scsi_device/3\:0\:0\:0/device/rescan 


[root@mm-adap1 ~]# fdisk -l



Disk /dev/sda: 500 GB, 1099511627776 bytes, 2147483648 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000add72



   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux

/dev/sda2         2099200   629145599   313523200   8e  Linux LVM

/dev/sda3       629145600  1048575999   209715200   8e  Linux LVM



Disk /dev/mapper/centos_mm--adap1-root: 500 GB, 1098425303040 bytes, 2145361920 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Đã thấy dung lượng tăng lên,  ổ đĩa tác động ở đây là /dev/sda, tiến hành fdisk

[root@mm-adap1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).



Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.





Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

   e   extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 4): 4

First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519):

Using default value 20971519

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set



Command (m for help): t

Selected partition 4

Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'



Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!



Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

Khởi tạo physical volume

partprobe

[root@mm-adap1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda4

  Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.

Lấy thông tin volume group hiện tại

[root@mm-adap1 ~]# vgdisplay 

  --- Volume group ---

  VG Name               centos_mm-adap1

  System ID             

  Format                lvm2

  Metadata Areas        2

  Metadata Sequence No  4

  VG Access             read/write

  VG Status             resizable

  MAX LV                0

  Cur LV                1

  Open LV               1

  Max PV                0

  Cur PV                2

  Act PV                2

  VG Size               498.99 GiB

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              127742

  Alloc PE / Size       127742 / 498.99 GiB

  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   

  VG UUID               eyBefC-npQ3-Kl7Q-lHeC-j08s-OLCG-zl33QK

Ta được name VG Name = centos_mm-adap1, tiến hành nhét sda4 vừa tạo vào volume group

[root@mm-adap1 ~]# vgextend centos_mm-adap1 /dev/sda4

  Volume group "centos_mm-adap1" successfully extended

Làm tương tự, mở rộng tiếp logical volume

[root@mm-adap1 ~]# lvdisplay

  --- Logical volume ---

  LV Path                /dev/centos_mm-adap1/root

  LV Name                root

  VG Name                centos_mm-adap1

  LV UUID                dzkVGt-aTiT-bWyI-kYDm-cUES-7WEm-tAtFva

  LV Write Access        read/write

  LV Creation host, time mm-adap1, 2020-10-18 16:46:50 +0700

  LV Status              available

  # open                 1

  LV Size                498.99 GiB

  Current LE             127742

  Segments               2

  Allocation             inherit

  Read ahead sectors     auto

  - currently set to     8192

  Block device           253:0

   

[root@mm-adap1 ~]# lvextend /dev/centos_mm-adap1/root /dev/sda4

  Size of logical volume centos_mm-adap1/root changed from 498.99 GiB (127742 extents) to <1022.99 GiB (261885 extents).

  Logical volume centos_mm-adap1/root successfully resized.

Kiểm tra mount

[root@mm-adap1 ~]# mount | grep -i mapper

/dev/mapper/centos_mm--adap1-root on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)

Thấy LVM /dev/mapper/centos_mm–adap1-root
tiến hành resize, ở đây phân vùng xài ext4 nên sử dụng resize2fs

[root@mm-adap1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos_mm--adap1-root

resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Filesystem at /dev/mapper/centos_mm--adap1-root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required

old_desc_blocks = 63, new_desc_blocks = 128

The filesystem on /dev/mapper/centos_mm--adap1-root is now 268170240 blocks long.

Kiểm tra lại thấy / đã có 1TB

[root@mm-adap1 ~]# df -h

Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/centos_mm--adap1-root 1007G  107G  857G  12% /

devtmpfs                            16G     0   16G   0% /dev

tmpfs                               16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm

tmpfs                               16G  169M   16G   2% /run

tmpfs                               16G     0   16G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1                          976M  100M  810M  11% /boot

tmpfs                              3.2G     0  3.2G   0% /run/user/0